Formaldehyde 37%

Formaldehyde is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH2O and structure H−CHO, more precisely H2C=O. The compound is a pungent, colourless gas that polymerises spontaneously into paraformaldehyde. It is stored as aqueous solutions (formalin), which consists mainly of the hydrate CH2(OH)2. It is the simplest of the aldehydes (R−CHO). As a precursor to many other materials and chemical compounds, It is mainly used in the production of industrial resins, e.g., for particle board and coatings. Small amounts also occur naturally.

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Formaldehyde (37% solution), commonly known as formalin, is used in various industries due to its strong disinfecting, preserving, and chemical reactivity properties. Here are the main industries where formaldehyde 37% is used:
  1. Chemical Manufacturing Industry
  • Resin Production: Formaldehyde is a key ingredient in the production of resins such as urea-formaldehyde (UF), phenol-formaldehyde (PF), and melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resins. These resins are used in adhesives, particleboard, plywood, and laminates.
  • Plastic and Polymer Industry: It is used in producing plastics such as polyoxymethylene (POM), which has applications in automotive parts, electrical components, and consumer goods.
  1. Textile Industry
  • Fabric Treatment: Formaldehyde is used in textile finishing to improve wrinkle resistance, reduce shrinkage, and increase fabric durability. This process is common in the production of "permanent press" or "no-iron" fabrics.
  1. Wood Industry
  • Wood Adhesives: Formaldehyde is a key component in the manufacture of adhesives used in engineered wood products like plywood, medium-density fiberboard (MDF), and particleboard.
  • Wood Preservatives: Formaldehyde-based solutions are used to treat and preserve wood, protecting it from decay and insects.
  1. Healthcare and Medical Industry
  • Disinfectant and Sterilant: Formaldehyde is used as a disinfectant in medical facilities for sterilizing medical instruments and equipment. Its strong biocidal properties make it effective in killing bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
  • Preservative for Biological Specimens: Formaldehyde solution is widely used in laboratories and healthcare settings to preserve biological specimens (e.g., tissue samples, cadavers) for research and education.
  1. Pharmaceutical Industry
  • Vaccine Production: In vaccine manufacturing, formaldehyde is used to inactivate viruses and toxins, making them safe for use in vaccines (e.g., inactivated polio vaccine).
  • Antimicrobial Agent: It is used as an antimicrobial agent in various pharmaceutical products, including topical creams and disinfectants.
  1. Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
  • Preservative for Animal Feed: Formaldehyde is used to preserve animal feed, especially fishmeal, by preventing microbial growth and spoilage.
  • Fumigant: It can be used as a fumigant in agriculture to disinfect soil, greenhouses, and animal housing facilities.
  1. Cosmetic Industry
  • Preservative in Cosmetics: Formaldehyde is used in low concentrations as a preservative in some cosmetic products, such as shampoos, nail polish, and hair straightening treatments, to prevent microbial contamination.
  1. Automotive Industry
  • Production of Automotive Components: Formaldehyde resins are used in the production of high-performance automotive parts like coatings, brake pads, and molded components due to their heat resistance and durability.
  1. Paints, Coatings, and Varnish Industry
  • Binder in Paints: Formaldehyde is used in the production of binders for paints, coatings, and varnishes, which helps enhance the durability, finish, and adherence of these products.
  1. Tanning and Leather Industry
  • Leather Processing: In the leather tanning industry, formaldehyde is used to tan and preserve leather, improving its strength and resistance to wear and decay.
  1. Laboratory Use
  • Tissue Fixative: Formaldehyde is commonly used in histology and pathology labs as a tissue fixative. It helps preserve tissue samples for examination under a microscope by preventing decay and preserving cellular structure.
  1. Construction Industry
  • Insulation Materials: Urea-formaldehyde resins are used in the production of foam insulation and other building materials due to their insulating properties and structural strength.
In all these industries, formaldehyde 37% is valued for its chemical reactivity, preservative qualities, and ability to enhance the performance of other materials. However, due to its potential health hazards (such as being a known carcinogen), its use is strictly regulated, and handling requires proper safety measures.
CAS Number 50-00-0
Chemical formulaCH2O
Molar mass30.026 g·mol−1
AppearanceColorless gas
Density0.8153 g/cm3 (−20 °C)[2] (liquid)
Melting point−92 °C (−134 °F; 181 K)
Boiling point−19 °C (−2 °F; 254 K)[2]
Solubility in water400 g/L
log P0.35
Vapor pressure> 1 atm[3]
Acidity (pKa)13.27 (hydrate)[4][5]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)−18.6·10−6 cm3/mol
Dipole moment2.330 D[6]
Available Packing
  • 28 KG CANE Packing
  • 220 KG Drum Packing

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